Climate in groups

Emotional Intelligence Contemporary Assignment: understanding Emotional Climate In Groups I think that being able to recognize the emotional climate when In a group Is very Important and key to how you will respond as an individual. Emotional climate is defined as being the atmosphere in a group or organization that is created by the tone or mood of individuals and the relationships that they have with each other. There are two types of emotional climates that can occur, either positive or negative.It is quite obvious that everyone would so much rather work with a positive group showing teamwork, operation, trust, helpfulness, friendship, making everyone feel secure and comfortable than being in a negative group where there are cliques, gossip, a lack of following through with tasks, fighting. I know from past experiences that when I enter a group setting this is negative I get stressed and automatically do not want to be there. I mean why would anyone want to work with a group that is getting no work done and nobody Is contributing?! Emotions play a huge role In groups and Impact the way that others respond and act.In Clara Dalton blob, How Do Emotions Impact Group and Individual Success? He Includes personal examples of experiences that he went through when he was in both a positive and negative emotional climate in a group, or on a soccer team in his case. He explains how when he was on a soccer team where he experienced a positive environment â€Å"players felt free to voice concerns, yet retain a sense that they were supported. † He also talks about how when on a team where the emotions given off were â€Å"out of control, unpredictable, undermining, ongoing, and ultimately detrimental to the goals of the team. What most people have a hard time understanding Is that your actions and the way that you come across to people can either motivate them or at the same time push them away Instantly. No one wants to surround themselves with negative people b ecause that only makes you have a negative mind sight too. It is so much nicer when you are able to feel supported and know that the people around you have the same goal and want to help you just as much as you want to help them.I truly believe that this is something that many people can relate to because almost everyone, I know especially me, have been in situations where the atmosphere is either negative and positive. Dalton says at the end of his blob â€Å"when used properly, emotions help provide feedback, promote earning, and assist changes in future decisions making,† which I think is so important because I know that I would much rather be involved with a group of people that have a positive outlook on things because that wears off onto me making me positive. Http://w. NM. Staphylococcal. Com/blob/how-do-mementos-almanac-group-and- Individualistically climate in groups By savage Contemporary Assignment: Understanding Emotional Climate in Groups I think that being able to recognize the emotional climate when in a group is very important and following through with tasks, fighting. I know from past experiences that when I enter one and nobody is contributing?! Emotions play a huge role in groups and impact the way that others respond and act.

Character Analysis of Devdas in the Novel and Movie

After his wealthy family prohibits him from marrying the woman he is in love with, Devdas Mukherjee's life spirals further and further out of control as he takes up alcohol and a life of vice to numb the pain. An epic love story set in the 1900s which reveals a portrait of love destroyed by class differences, family pressures, and character weaknesses. Devdas is the wealthy son of a high-caste landlord. His best friend growing up, whom he loved dearly, was Paro, the daughter of a low-caste family. After moving to London, Devdas returns home after ten years to find that Paro is about to be married off to a rich landowner. Devdas sinks into alcoholism, and is later visited by Paro who admits to still loving him. Devdas film based on the Sharat Chandra Chattopadhyay novella Devdas. Devdas Mukherjee, is a slacker, though sensitive and talented. His daily chore is to spend time with his childhood friend, Parvati, the Mukherjees' neighbor, who belongs to a middle-class family. Devdas is sent away abroad so that he can improve himself. Several years, upon his return, things have not changed, his dad still regards him as a slacker, though Devdas is welcomed by the rest of his family, the welcome could have been warmer had Devdas chosen not to visit Parvati (Paro), rather than his own mother. Devdas and Paro are in love, and hope to marry. But Devdas' dad has other plans, vehemently opposing marriage to a lower caste family, and as a result Paro gets married to a much older widower with grown-up children her age, and Devdas leaves home, becomes an alcoholic, a womanizer, who is unable to get Paro out of his mind, loving and hating her at the same time. Devdas meets with courtesan, Chandramukhi, and ends up falling in love with her also, thus getting her a bad reputation. Then Paro decides to talk Chandramukhi out of getting Devdas away from alcohol, to which Chandramukhi agrees, but the question remains whether they will act in time to stop Devdas before he self-destructs. The joy-ride starts with all the glitter and shine of a Hollywood classic, it sails through the emotions and ends up at the death.. so real and reality is the biggest plus of this great movie. Its loud in dialogues as the feudal society of early 20th century in India was and is not overpowered with emotions†¦ s the people from that class should have been (expressive yet graceful). Technically it remains the best ever Indian film and one of the best around the world. Well done Bhansali. In acting Aish does wonders.. Madhuri has shown why she is the queen of the bollywood and Shahrukh khan has reached where no Indian actor would have ever reached.. I have seen Dilip sahab's Devdas too and bowing to the greatness of Dilip Sahab let me say,†Shahrukh did it better than him†. Dialogues, sequences, frames, music and acting all there to give you a treat to watch.. movie in which one finds the glimpses of one's own life†¦ beautiful yet so real, harsh and sad†¦ Devdas, is telling us about love that end with tragedy, theme that has been revisited for many times in many films. In this case, is not surprise considering that this film is the fourth version of Suraj Chandrachaterjee's novel to make in to a film. We better not to talk about the plot, because it's so typical (and sometimes could bored the viewers), but I must admit that technically, this film is superb. Visualizations of the scenes are breathtaking and make you don't have a ny complains about the plot. It seems that Sanjay Leela Bhansali try to renew the old style of the Hindi films into a kind of an innovative and colorful theatrical film. I always believe with Sanjay's skill on directing a movie (go watch â€Å"Hum Dill De Chuke Sanam† for instance). The score and sound track is enchanting. The outfits is gorgeous and so with the sets. In the acting department, Aishwarya Ray is perfect. The Acting diva once again shows her best performance, and much deserve for an award. Madhuri Dixit has the smallest role, but she proves that she is the living legend. Meanwhile, the main character that plays by Shahrukh Khan, is applaud worthy but doesn't more that. Better luck next time Mr. Khan. This movie is an excellent portrayal of indian culture. It possess so much strength and beauty and the characters act well. The characters suit each character perfectly and i thouroughly enjoyed the movie from beginning to end. The movie was very sad, but its a change from a normal hindi movie. Your heart soars for each of the characters at different stages of the movie. Overall this movie ruled, and i would watch it over and over again. Devdas: A Byronic Bollywood Hero â€Å"Devdas† by Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay is one of the classics of Indian literature, subject to many film adaptations in Indian cinema, including a recent psychedelic version of the story. Devdas deserves to be placed in the Norton Anthology alongside other great writers, due to its tragic eponymous hero and the insights into Bengali life. Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay was one of the leading literary deities of Bengal, he published several books earlier Nishkriti, Charitraheen, Parineeta, and Srikanta, but his most famous novel is Devdas. Sarat Chandra was born on September 15th, 1876 in Devanandapur, a village in West Bengal. He spent his childhood in poverty and was constantly shifting from town to town in Bengal, and received little formal education. In his adulthood, he moved to Burma in 1903, and it was here that Sarat Chandra started sending his novels and short stories to Calcutta journals. The reigning author during this time was Rabindranath Tagore, who had a rumoured rivalry with Sarat Chandra, whose novels were much more understandable and realistic for the reading masses of Bengal. It would be fitting to include Sarat Chandra to the canon of literature due to his indelible mark on Indian literature with his unforgettable character Devdas. His crowning achievement Devdas was written in 1901, and later published after some revisions in 1917, which included the more tragic ending to the novel. The novel tells the tragic love story of Devdas and Paro, childhood sweethearts torn apart when Devdas leaves for school in Calcutta, and when he returns Paro proposes they get married. Devdas, unable to stand up to his parents, rejects her, and Paro is married off to a wealthy widower. Devdas, heartbroken after another rejection from Paro, returns to Calcutta and along with his friend Chunilal he seeks solace in alcohol and a courtesan Chandramukhi who falls for him. Devdas continues on his self-destructive path until on his deathbed, when he travels to Paro’s home only to die alone at her doorstep. This tragic tale has stayed in the minds of readers because of its seminal hero that can immediately be identified in the subsequent films and novels featuring a self-destructive hero. Devdas is not a typical romantic hero, because he is unable to proclaim his love for Paro despite loving her dearly. In one scene in the novel, Paro boldly goes to Devdas in the night to propose their marriage, but Devdas is preoccupied with protecting her honour rather than facing up to the real reason she came to him, and answers with: â€Å"You must know that my parents are dead against this? Parvati nodded – she knew. She didn’t say a word more. After what seemed like an eternity, Devdas heaved a sigh and said, â€Å"So then, why? † (Pg36) This exchange highlights Devdas’ anti-hero like status, as he is unable to accept his love and rejects Paro, because of parental opposition. Even through earlier passages in the novel, we can tell Devdas loves Paro, but he cannot upset societal norms of marrying from another caste. After this scene, Devdas is chastised by his parents and he escapes to Calcutta, where he writes a letter of rejection to Paro claiming, â€Å"Another thing: I had never felt that I loved you tremendously – even today. I cannot feel any deep well of sorrow in my heart for you †¦ Try to forget me, I pray that you succeed,† (Pg39). This rash action by Devdas reveals his indecisive nature as soon as he posts the letter he realizes he is actually in love with Paro. He then feels guilty for sending the letter, and muses, â€Å"How would this arrow he had dispatched go and hit her? †(Pg40), he later realizes his folly of upholding the narrow-minded views of the caste system, which an educated man like Devdas can see is wrong. Devdas is a tragic character worth studying in literature because he is so inactive and indecisive in his love story, which sets forth his downward spiral. The reason he is indecisive is that the love of Paro and Chandramukhi is what drives the narrative, the situations when they confront Devdas is what develops him as a character. Devdas turns to drink when Paro rejects his proposal that they elope before her wedding, in anger he strikes her brow, â€Å"For shame Paro, I have merely left a mark for you to remember our last meeting,†(Pg46), this moment solidifies their relationship as the blood resembles the sindoor in the hair parting of a married Hindu woman. With this rejection, Devdas is dejected and he willingly goes to the courtesan harem and drinks his sorrows away. Devdas begins to hate women and spurns Chandramukhi, who finds him charming; â€Å"There isn’t a woman on earth who wouldn’t deny herself this heaven,† (Pg92) she muses of his company. Later Devdas begins to care for Chandramukhi but he cannot love her as he is still in love with Paro. He acknowledges his indecisiveness when he visits Chandramukhi, who has settled down and given up her sinful life, saying, â€Å"Perhaps Bou, you will suffer like Paro because of me,†(Pg116), the use of Bou, which means wife, highlights it is Chandramukhi who Devdas provides money and pleasure as a husband would. Devdas is one of the most complex characters of Indian literature, because the choices he makes are detrimental for all involved in the love triangle, as he pines for Paro whom he rejected, and Chandramukhi whom he also grows to like is denied by him because her low status. Devdas’ self-destructive tendencies occur because he feels like a victim of the situations that he has created for himself. Sarat Chandra does not describe characters but puts them in difficult situations to which the reader has to infer into the character, as Devdas has become an identifiable figure in the many movie adaptations or of characters that pine for unfulfilled love. Devdas is a novel to be studied in a literature class because of the strong women that shape his character. Devdas is an important novel to be included in a Norton Anthology book, because of the social conventions of Indian life affect the narrative. Devdas belongs to zamindari/landlord family and Paro’s family live and work on their land. When Paro’s grandmother broaches the subject of Paro and Devdas’ marriage to his mother, she rejects this notion, â€Å"The Chakravaty’s was a trading household. And they lived next door. Oh shame! (Pg24) the class differences are ironically the aspect, which separates the two lovers as opposed to caste differences as both families are Brahmins. Sarat Chandra uses the differences to aid in separating the lovers, as Devdas is unable to face opposition from his parents and rejects Paro. Class differences also tear apart the burgeoning relationship between Chandramukhi and Devdas, as she is a fallen woman who Devdas cannot possibly break social norms to live with. Chandramukhi nurses Devdas back to health, when she spots him during a drinking binge; once Devdas is healed, she asks to be his nurse, but he will not allow his name to be disrespected as Chandramukhi realizes, â€Å"She could help Devdas regain his health, she could give him pleasure, but she could never give him respectability,† (Pg116). The novel set in colonialist India, makes no mention of British rule other than the Devdas who is dressed smartly and smokes a pipe when he returns from Calcutta after his studies. Sarat Chandra used his novels to highlight social problems of Bengali life, and in â€Å"Devdas,† he makes light of the issue of dowry. Paro, who is of age to be married at 13, and born into a poorer household, her father, rejects the social practise, â€Å"But Nilkantha-babu abhorred this practise. He had no intention of selling Parvati and making money on the transaction,† (Pg23) Sarat Chandra here reveals that daughters should not be sold as if making a business deal for marriage. Devdas is one of the only novels where Sarat Chandra does not make an explicit social point to educate his readers, as he leaves the novel as an open text where readers may form their own opinions on the predicament of the eponymous hero. Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay’s â€Å"Devdas† would be a suitable addition to a literature book like the Norton Anthology, because he created the classic self-destructive hero for Indian cinema and, the original source would be a good companion to the films. Devdas is a thoughtful novel that allows readers to make their own judgement of the hero, and gain insights into Bengali culture during the 1900’s.

Accounting System and Information Assurance

The following study evaluates the systems documentation as well as the risk analysis process of the business enterprise. The study states the context and level DFD as well as the process map in attaining organizational goals and as well as the objectives. There are many risks, which can pose a threat to the business sustainability of the enterprise. JK retail is a family owned business enterprise and keeps one cashier to record the financial transactions in the business enterprise. Thus, there can be several issues, which shall have an impact on the financial sustainability of a business entity. According to Dowling (2014), there can be several complexities in the retail business, which needs to be handled in an appropriate manner. Thus, there can be discrepancies in the recording of funds for the business entity. In addition, keeping a finance executive for the business enterprise shall result in greater pressure on a single individual. Kim and Solomon (2013) stated that the systems documentation as well as the risk analysis of the organization is an important part of the operational strategies of the organization. The following study states the context and the level DFD as well as the risk analysis procedure in the business organization. Besides this, the process map in the business organizations shall state the consumer payment procedures in the business entity. Thus, the payment procedures in the business organization shall have to be stated, to assist consumers for the payment of taxes in the business organization. 1. The context and level DFD in the business organization shall reflect the operational as well as the marketing policies implemented in the business organization. The context and level DFD in the business organization shall consist of the three stages of the business entity and that shall consist of the Process order, Cyber back as well as shipping and the execution of goods. Alewine and Stone (2013) state that these three stages in the context and   level DFD in the business organization shall ensure smoother business functionalities.   The cyber check in the business organization shall consist of the verification of the credit card in the business organization and the credit card company in the business entity. According to Griffin and Wright (2015), the customer in the business organization shall have   an influence   on the operational strategies of the company. Therefore, Kissel (2013) customer views and behavior in the workplace would have an impact on the marketing and the operational process of the business entity. The process order in the business organization takes the necessary customer order and offers the acknowledgement to the customers. This is the initial stage of the customer decision process in the organization. Therefore, it is necessary for the business entity to determine the necessary business policies of the organization. The cyber check is the next process in the operational processes of the business entity. Hardy (2014) mentioned that the shipping process in the business entity would help in discharging the goods to the consumers. In this regard, it can be stated that the shipping process shall also refer to the developing sales vouchers for the business entity to facilitate the sales of the goods of the business entity. In this regard, it can be stated that these three stages are interlinked and have an influence on the total sales and the consumer buying process in the business organization. Therefore, these steps shall help the business entity in the development of pertinent business strategies for the business enterprise. Zhou, Hou and Zong (2016) stated that the management of the business entity has to consider the factors like the external market environment like the economic factors of the country as well as the changes in the market trends. Therefore, the context level DFD in the business organization shall help the management of the business organization to determine the business policies of the organization. 2.The business process mapping involved in the operation shall assist   the business enterprise   in the development of organizational goals as well as the   objectives. Following is the process flow chart implemented in the   business organization Here, it can be stated that the accounts payable department shall receive the payment of good from the suppliers. As such, the invoice payment shall have to be reviewed for compliance. In other words, it shall have to be evaluated that the invoice meets the requirements of the sales processes in the business organization. If the goods do not match with the invoice requirements, it shall be returned to the suppliers. The invoice requirements are duly met, the invoice placed on hold and as well as the debt shall be notified of the necessary action taken by the business enterprise. After this, the sales revenue shall be placed in the payment Queue and the payment system shall be processed in the business organization. The payment processes is the last stage and can be done manually or through the internet. 1. There are certain risks present in the existing cash payment opportunities in the business entity. The cashier primarily maintains a manual process so as to aid the business enterprise in the development of organizational strategies in the business entity. There is a scope of discrepancy and embezzlement of the funds. Besides this, the recording of the cash transactions is a complicated procedure and thereby, have an adverse impact on the financial sustainability of the business entity. Hall (2012) have stated that the manual procedure of the business enterprise should have an adverse effect on the manual processes of the business enterprise. This would require a considerable time and effort on the part of the employees in the business organization. In this regard, it can be stated that the cashiering process is lengthy as well as time consuming and would slow down the business operational policies of the business entity. Since the cashier needs to match the amount with those of the cashier as well as the manufacturing processes of business enterprise. It can be stated that the amount matches with the amount stated in the sales order. Therefore it is necessary for the business entity to determine the accurate balance stated in the sales receipt order.This shall assist the cashier in executing its duties in an effective manner   In certain circumstance, an error from the sales receipt order of the business entity shall lead to financial irregularities in the sales process of the business entity. As such, the total payment procedure is dependent on the sales personnel of the business entity. It can be mentioned that the recording of the cash transactions of the business entity is a detailed procedure, which possess a considerable risk to the financial sustainability of the entity. Sundem et al. (2014) stated that the business entity offers the following two receipt books as stated below - this relates to one for cash as well as one the other for the credit card receipts. As such, these two receipts shall help the business entity in recording the financial situation of the business entity. JK retail is a family owned business entity and possess a healthy cash flow. However, there is only a single cashier who receives the payment of cash and issues cash receipts for the organization. As such, the financial processes are dependent on the recording of cash transactions for the business entity. This also can lead to issues for the business enterprise and have an impact on the operational processes for the business enterprise. Moghadam et al. (2013) mentioned that the cash transactions of the business entity should have to be paid with the payment of cash for the business entity. The payment of taxes is another important issue that has shall be paid on the payment of taxes of the organization. In this regard, it can be said that the payment of taxes is one of the mandatory process in the organization. As such, it is necessary that the business entity shall have an impact on the management of the business entity. The incorrect assessment of the financial condition of the business activity shall lead the business entity in attaining   growth and sustainability in the   market. Thus, the role of the cashier shall depend on the job functionalities of business entity. As such, the sales personnel have to correctly assess the financial condition of the business entity to enable the business enterprise for the development of authentic financial strategies of the business entity. The risk assessment of the job role of cashier shall have an influence on the marketing and the operational policies   of the business entity.   2. The cash recording procedures of the business entity shall have an impact on the business enterprise shall facilitate financial sustainability and growth in the domestic and International market. Domeika (2015) mentioned that the cash recording procedures of the business entity should have an impact on operational, financial as well as the marketing procedures of the business enterprise. Being individual personnel, the cashier of the organization has to examine the sales vouchers adequately to negate any discrepancies in the management of the organization. Thus, this shall have a difficult task for the cashier in the business organization. Besides this, Shul'ga (2014) stated that the return of goods by the customers should require additional time and effort as well as pertinent financial strategies from the business entity. Therefore, it is necessary that the goods have to be unaccounted in developing actual financial strategies that reflects the financial condition of the business entity. There are additional measures that has to be taken by the business entity in the consist of bad debt as well as the provision of bad debts in the organization. Therefore, the cashier of the business organization has to take pertinent measures have taken care of such expenses in the business organization to promote organizational growth in the domestic and international market. It can be stated that JK Retail shall have many pertinent issues in the existing cashiering position. This includes heavy workload as well as the complexities in the financial transactions of the business enterprise. The management of JK Retail has to respond appropriately for the business enterprise so that the cashier gests the necessary guidelines and help for the development of   marketing as well as   the operational strategies of the business entity. Besides this,, such a situation can lead to the incorrect assessment of the financial situation of the business enterprise. Apart from these factors, it can lead to financial discrepancies in the books of accounts for the business enterprise. JK retail is a family owned business entity, has achieved considerable sales revenue, and consists of a healthy cash flow in the existing year. The systems documentation shall have many stages in cash payment procedure of the business organization. As such, E-commerce, Cyber check as well as shipping or the execution of the order of the goods would have an influence on the financial sustainability of the business entity. The proper verification of the vouchers in the organization is one of the primary responsibilities of the cashier in the business organization. Thus, the sales personnel as well as the cashiers in the business organization shall develop an important role in assisting the management of the organization in aiding the customers in the store for the payment of bills in the organization. Alewine, H.C. and Stone, D.N., 2013. How does environmental accounting information influence attention and investment?.  International Journal of Accounting & Information Management,  21(1), pp.22-52. Domeika, P., 2015. Creation of the Information System of Enterprise Fixed Asset Accounting.  Engineering Economics,  60(5). Dowling, C., 2014. A Big 4 firm's use of information technology to control the audit process: How an audit support system is changing auditor behavior.Contemporary Accounting Research,  31(1), pp.230-252. Griffin, P.A. and Wright, A.M., 2015. Commentaries on Big Data's importance for accounting and auditing.  Accounting Horizons,  29(2), pp.377-379. Hall, J.A., 2012.  Accounting information systems. Cengage Learning. Hardy, C.A., 2014. The messy matters of continuous assurance: Findings from exploratory research in Australia.  Journal of Information Systems,28(2), pp.357-377. Kim, D. and Solomon, M.G., 2013.  Fundamentals of information systems security. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. Kissel, R., 2013. Glossary of key information security terms.  NIST Interagency Reports NIST IR,  7298(3). Moghadam, H.M., Akhavansaffar, M., Bakhshaei, Z. and MirHosseini, S.Y., 2013. Effect of investment in information technology system on providing desired services of accounting information system.  Elixir International Journal A,  55, pp.13268-13273. Shul'ga, S.V., 2014. Information disclosure in financial statements: evolution of national systems and integration determinants.  Journal International accounting,  38, p.332. Sundem, G., Bradbury, M., Spicer, B. and Wells, M., 2014. The Search for a Better Accounting System: The Overlooked Concern.  Accounting Education for the 21st Century: The Global Challenges, p.465. Zhou, Y., Hou, S.J. and Zong, K., 2016. Ecological Accounting: Current Situation, Problems and Thinking This work is supported by the National Social Science Fund Project â€Å"Regional Ecological Economic Benefit Evaluation Method Based on Multi-statistical analysis combining space†(13BJY026) and the Ministry of Education humanities and Social Sciences project,â€Å"Ecoefficiency evaluation of coal mining areas†(14YJCZH236).

EU Law problem scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

EU Law problem scenario - Essay Example In this similar context, Bekka feels that such acts are irrelevant. Moreover, it has been viewed that she has been also engaged in sale of tinted film which is also restricted for sale in State Y as these products leads to decrease visibility and thereby causing accidents. On the contrary, she admits that such law in State X is indeed not applicable and being a Member State of European Union (EU), laws in both the State i.e. in State X and State Y must be similar. On the other hand Klaus who is married to Haruka, a Japanese national is struggling regarding residence permit. It has been observed that the residential permit of Haruka for State Y was ending and her permit would not be renewed as told by the local immigration office and thus she had to leave the country. In this regard, Klaus strongly realized that being lived in State Y for whole life, it is not justifiable to restrict his wife from living with him in his own country. At the same time, he has been confronted with anothe r problem related with the permission given by Minister for Environmental Affairs about establishment of waste disposal centre adjacent to his property. He firmly believed that such establishment would have radical impact on the flora and fauna of the surrounding area. Moreover, the bad odor released from the waste disposal centre would create significant problem in his hostel business. People are now reluctant to stay in his hostel and further he feels that waste disposal centre should be closed or shifted to another area. Contextually, the paper closely evaluates certain issues of law related with the case of Bekka and Klaus and advise them relating to their concerned matter. Issues Related with EU Law (Bekka) The open movement of goods is one of the critical factors leading towards the success of the EU Member States. The internal business market within the European Union makes easy to buy and sell goods in different Member States. A single European marketplace provides a strong platform in an open and competitive environment1. From lawful standpoint, it can be stated that the principle of free trade of goods is a main element in developing internal business market in the EU. It is viewed to be one of the economic autonomies that frame by the Member States of the EU. The EU defines the scope and content of the principle by prohibiting unjustified restrictions on intra-EU trade. Many of the vital restrictions on free movement of goods have been removed over the years to facilitate smooth functioning of EU trade. The prohibition of any products needs to be justified on the grounds of public ethics, public protection and protection of health as well as life of human, animals and plants. Contextually, member states may possess the right to ban any product on the basis of morality grounds. Therefore, EU law prescribed that goods brought from one state must comply with the national provisions concerning morality factor of the state where the product is being sold . Another important ground for restraint of free movement of goods can be acceptable on the basis of life as well as health of humans. EU law states that any Member States can impose barriers on any kind of products that affects national health and life of human, animal and plants. EU law also ensures safety of customers against deceptive advertisements. EU law also proclaimed that the authorities in one state cannot curtail customers from buying goods of

How does globalization affect women Research Paper

How does globalization affect women - Research Paper Example The end of the Cold WÐ °r Ð °nd developments in finÐ °nce Ð °nd technology combined to quÐ °litÐ °tively chÐ °nge the gÐ °me during the pÐ °st ten yeÐ °rs. The fÐ °ilure of Soviet communism becÐ °me the triumph of free mÐ °rket democrÐ °cy, Ð °s formerly closed mÐ °rkets opened Ð °nd cÐ °pitÐ °l poured in Ð °t Ð ° previously unimÐ °ginÐ °ble rÐ °te. In Ð °ddition, the election of President Clinton in 1992 put Ð ° free mÐ °rket enthusiÐ °st in the White House. The world hÐ °s never seen Ð °nything like the flow of cÐ °pitÐ °l during the eight yeÐ °rs of his presidency. GlobÐ °lizÐ °tion hÐ °s drÐ °mÐ °ticÐ °lly increÐ °sed world income, but it hÐ °s Ð °lso increÐ °sed the polÐ °rizÐ °tion between the "hÐ °ves" Ð °nd "hÐ °ve-nots." This is pÐ °rt of Ð ° longer term trend, beginning Ð °fter World WÐ °r II. In other words, mÐ °rkets Ð °re soÐ °ring to new highs Ð °nd plunging to new lows, bouncing from one to the other fÐ °ster--Ð °nd less predictÐ °bly--thÐ °n ever before, Ð °nd drÐ °gging others with them, sometimes with ruinous consequences. Ð s free trÐ °de hÐ °s been extended to smÐ °ller countries with less regulÐ °tory infrÐ °structure Ð °nd experience with cÐ °pitÐ °l, this unprecedented cÐ °pitÐ °l flow often hÐ °s wound up in incompetent Ð °nd unsupervised hÐ °nds. In 1996, for exÐ °mple, the ThÐ °i Minister of Justice Ð °ccused his fellow cÐ °binet members of tÐ °king $90 million in bribes for bÐ °nk licenses. In Ð °ddition to widespreÐ °d corruption Ð °nd cronyism, wild investment schemes Ð °nd Ð ° shÐ °ky economy contributed to the 1997 collÐ °pse of the ThÐ °i bÐ °ht. But there were contributing fÐ °ctors outside of ThÐ °ilÐ °nd Ð °nd beyond ThÐ °i control. ... In ddition, the election of President Clinton in 1992 put free mrket enthusist in the White House. The world hs never seen nything like the flow of cpitl during the eight yers of his presidency. Globliztion hs drmticlly incresed world income, but it hs lso incresed the polriztion between the "hves" nd "hve-nots." This is prt of longer term trend, beginning fter World Wr II. In other words, mrkets re soring to new highs nd plunging to new lows, bouncing from one to the other fster--nd less predictbly--thn ever before, nd drgging others with them, sometimes with ruinous consequences. s free trde hs been extended to smller countries with less regultory infrstructure nd experience with cpitl, this unprecedented cpitl flow often hs wound up in incompetent nd unsupervised hnds. In 1996, for exmple, the Thi Minister of Justice ccused his fellow cbinet members of tking $90 million in bribes for bnk licenses. In ddition to widespred corruption nd cronyism, wild investment schemes nd shky economy contributed to the 1997 collpse of the Thi bht. But there were contributing fctors outside of Thilnd nd beyond Thi control. Finncil institutions plyed criticl role through unrestrined specultion nd hedge funds. The G7, the seven mjor industrilized sttes, remined oblivious to the looming disster--despite Jpn's wrning--nd filed to ddress the emergency when it becme impossi ble to ignore. 2. Culture It is not just dollrs tht re flowing freely round the world, but Western culture --constitutionlism nd Coc Col, free mrket ideology nd Bruce Willis. Every stte hs hd tste of relentless, technology-enhnced consumerism, free mrket democrcy promoted by dvertising so cretive, so well done, tht no culture is

Corning Incorporated Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Corning Incorporated - Research Paper Example The optical-fiber system enabled the easy transmission of data and voice over extremely wide distances, or billions of kilometers around the globe (Hecht, 1999). The optical-fiber technology was used by telecommunication companies and systems in different parts of the world. It was evolved to support mobile technology and the transmission of satellite information, data and voice messages throughout the world. With time, Corning became a global leader in the production of optical-fiber materials around the world. They became the pioneering entity from 1984 to 2000 where their revenue rose from $100 million to $900 million in the year 2000 (Miller, 2011 p1). However, the telecom bubble burst caused other forms of communication to take over from the fiber-optic technology that Corning had a monopoly over (Matthews, 2002 p445). This led to the quick decline of profits in Corning because they had invested a lot of their capital into controlling the fiber-optic market that they had a full grip on. This led to the decline of the company. There was the need for a quick turnaround in the company and its operations. This paper analyzes Corning as a business entity. The paper will undertake a critical analysis of the organizational systems, strategic patterns and important elements of the organizational structure. This will be discussed in conjunction with the company's history, the 21st Century turnaround and current trends of the company. Organizational Summary (WWR) From its stable growth of about $70 million in turnover each year from the mid-1980s to year 2000, the company now makes higher profits above the $900 million level they reached in 2000 before dipping into a decline. According to Corning, (2012), there has been a tremendously increased volume of trade and revenue. Annual sales for 2011 was $7.9 billion. This shows that a lot has changed in the company to merit such high levels of revenues. The sales figure of $7.9 billion represent 19% increase from the $6. 6 billion earned in 2010. Sales volume increased by 7%. This shows that there is a strategy that is supporting the growth and evolution of the company. Earnings per share was $1.77 in 2011. Although this was lower than the increase that was made in 2010, the company again shows that it is increasing investor wealth and this presents a strong case that justifies the fact that it is a growing company. Aside this, the company had free cash flow of $544 million. This implies that they have enough cash in their possessions to finance working capital and other needs that can support it to expand and meet its future objectives and obligations. These indicators announces to the world that Corning is making a lot of improvement in its operations and financial position. The company has had an incredible turnaround that makes it a major player in the global electronic industry. On further analysis of the 2011 financial statements, the information given by Flaws, a Board Member and Chief Financ ial Officer of the company indicates that there are some important themes that define Corning's current strategy and long-term vision. Growth The company is now focusing on growth. This is based on its vision to capture a larger market share. In order to attain this end, it aims at expanding its asset base. This is being done through mergers, acquisitions and other international

Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 11

Education - Essay Example Student activism is observed as the crucial force for social change especially in times of political turmoil (â€Å"Student Activism,† 2002). The history is replete with many examples such as China’s May Fourth Movement which happened in 1919 and the Youth Pledge in Indonesia which occurred in 1928. These events have shown the immense sympathy of the youth population toward their respective country. The May Fourth Movement in China had gathered more or less three thousand Chinese students in Tianasquare to protest against its government’s weak response to imperialism and feudalism (Tse-tung, as cited in â€Å"Selected Works,† 2004). On the other hand, the Youth Pledge in Indonesia had helped the Indonesian youths to voice out their concerns with regard to colonialism. The pledge actually provided that the youths of Indonesia will â€Å"build a new and independent nation which was later on achieved in 1945† (McTique, 2009). In other cases, student de monstrations â€Å"have toppled powerful dictatorship, military juntas† and even ended wars (â€Å"Student Activism,† 2002). Truly, student movements have the capacity to effect political change by gathering support from the rest of the community. It serves as the conscience of nations (â€Å"Student Activism,† 2002). Moreover, it reminds the people â€Å"of the founding ideals of their countries† and the aim for dignity, justice and equality in times of political turmoil (â€Å"Student Activism,† 2002). Nonetheless, despite the aforementioned historical accounts on the significance of student activists in a society, there are those who vehemently oppose it. One of which is the government. It is a contention that governments are generally against any activist movements especially those from the youth sector. This is plausible since a government must always protect and defend its honor before its constituents. It looks forward to prevent any f orm of

A Management-Style Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

A Management-Style Report - Essay Example Strategy has been stated to be a guide or idea which provides consistency to the resolutions made collectively by the organisation. Strategic management refers to the process of efficiently and innovatively employing the resources of production such as manpower, machinery and materials in an organisational process. This effective and effectual engagement of resources would enable the organisation to develop effectual strategies which would facilitate the company to earn profits along with competency. Stating precisely, strategies are developed to enable the organisation to survive in the future (Scribner, 2011). From a broad perspective, strategic management is considered to be a process which entails five different aspects. Firstly it involves the need of recognising the requirements of an organisation that is necessary to be achieved. With this purpose, the objectives of the organisation are taken into concern and then the identified requirements are associated with the objectives. Secondly, an analysis is conducted of the internal as well as the external business environment so as to obtain an understanding of the factors which can be either termed as positive or negative. Thirdly, a strategy is being developed based on the evaluation and recognition of the problems. The strategy is designed according to the priority of the issues. Fourthly, the strategy is planned to be put into practice by gathering the needed resources as well as commitments required to proceed with the strategies with the purpose of attaining the desired outcomes. Last but not the least is the stage of screening or monitoring those strategies. Monitoring the strategies also helps in understanding their effectiveness and making any needed alterations (Grant, 2005; Scribner, 2011). The aim of the paper is to assess the present strategic position of Toyota along with ascertaining its resources and capabilities which helps the company to attain competitive advantage over its competitors and ensure its existence in the industry. However, certain strategic issues of the company would also be assessed which could have an adverse affect on the success of Toyota in the long run and certain recommendations would be made in that context. 2.0. Toyota’s Current Strategic Position 2.1. Toyota’s Environment Strategy refers to the process of harmonising an organisation’s competencies and resources with the prospects that are observed to take place in the external surroundings. Toyota is a Japanese car manufacturing company and mainly caters to the market of Japan. However, in the period of 1980 and 1990, Toyota planned to invade the car market of North America. It was successful in capturing the North American market along with entering the Western European market as well which was followed with the intention to be a global leader. Soon Toyota was seen to capture the U.S. market in-spite of the presence of strong players like DaimlerChrysler, General Motors (G M), and Ford. The key to this

Benjamin Franklin Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Benjamin Franklin - Research Paper Example His father was a soap maker, Josiah Franklin and his mother was Abiah Folger. In the age of 12 Franklin started his career at his brother’s print shop in Boston. He realized that in order to become successful he had to work hard and, first of all, learn hard, so he started self education, learning different languages and scientific subjects. Thus he managed to learn Latin, Italian, Spanish, and French; moreover, he learned some of physics, biology, and chemistry all by himself. When his brother refused to hire Benjamin as a correspondent in his own news paper The New England Courant, Franklin adopted the pseudonym Mrs. Silence Dogood, and â€Å"her† 14 imaginative and witty letters were published in his brother’s newspaper, which the readers of the news paper liked a lot (â€Å"Benjamin Franklin Biography† n.pag.). However, Benjamin’s brother gone wild when he discovered that the letters were Benjamin’s, so young Benjamin Franklin was forced to escape to another city, looking for luck; he settled down in Philadelphia and considered the place as his home for the rest of his life. â€Å"Franklin furthered his education in the printing trade in Philadelphia, lodging at the home of John Read in 1723. Nevertheless, the following year, Franklin left for London under the auspices of Pennsylvania Governor William Keith, but felt duped when letters of introduction never arrived and he was forced to find work at print shops there† (â€Å"Benjamin Franklin Biography† n.pag.). He managed to publish his first pamphlet, "A Dissertation upon Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain†. In 1726 Franklin got back to Philadelphia and changed a lot of job positions, like he had been a bookkeeper, a shopkeeper, and a currency cutter (â€Å"Benjamin Franklin Biography† n.pag.). In late 1727, Franklin established his own print shop and later he purchased The Pennsylvania Gazette, which became one of the most popular in the colonies (â€Å"A Quick

Should NCAA Division Football Players Get Paid Assignment

Should NCAA Division Football Players Get Paid - Assignment Example Putting aside for the moment that these athletes that participate in the more popular sports earn millions of dollars for the university and that other students reap these benefits as well, athletes are denied the same lack of restrictions to earn while they learn and as a result, should be somewhat compensated.    The sum of this stipend is arguable but a reasonable amount of, for instance, $100 per month does not seem out of line. â€Å"The problem is the athletes who help schools and conferences make that money do not see a dime of it. They may receive scholarships, but so do students who don’t help the school make money in any way. Players should get a stipend on top of their scholarships so that they see some of the money they helped the school make. If schools can profit off of student-athletes, why should those athletes not be paid for helping schools make money?† (Zivic, 2006). This paper will examine the various reasons why college football players should be paid. The NCAA alone makes more than $200 million each winter on the bowl games that follow the regular football season, an amount that doesn’t count the dividends the individual conferences enjoy. Now add up ticket and concession proceeds, corporate sponsorships and money gained from merchandise sales that without the presence of sports would not be funneled into a university annually. The athletes know that they generate literally many billions of dollars for their schools, yet are not allowed to earn even pocket change while at school, giving they're all for ‘ole State U. Athletes are allowed only the most meager of existence under NCAA regulations. Meanwhile, they witness other students with money enough at least for an occasional date and their coach earning a multi-million dollar salary but know that they are the ones that make the greatest sacrifices. â€Å"Athletes see what’s in it for everybody else.

Game and Football Team Bonds Essay Example for Free

Game and Football Team Bonds Essay It’s the most fun, most competitive, team-oriented sport in the earth. We do anything to win a game. Ladies love us guys want to be us. Everybody loves the game, people are always playing it, and it is the soul of the universe. When you put on the pads, lace up the spikes, and buckle your helmet you walk onto the field with a swagger and nothing else matters. You will forget if you failed a test, fought with a friend, or lost some money. Football is the sport I love the most because of three things. The bond on a football team is like no other sport. Another reason is the hardwood and dedication you put in. Lastly why I play football is to win it all The way a football team bonds with each other over the summer and overnight camps is unbelievable. We don’t all hang out with each other on the weekends, but on Saturdays we are a family. If your team wants to be successful you have to trust that the 10 other players on the field will do their job each and every play. Unlike in most sports you need more than one great player on a team, in fact I’d rather have a team with a bunch of good players. Than have a team with just one or two amazing players. Why do we run back and forth day after day? Hitting and running so hard we ache everywhere. Pushing it so hard we listen to our hearts beat rings in our head, while our lungs desperately gasp for air. Early mornings, late nights, Saturdays and Sundays, an endless amount of pain, deep bruises, broken bones, and torn muscles and ligaments. We hustle thru it all, because we live off our adrenaline, because the game frees your soul, because the party after the big win is spectacular, because you are invincible once you step onto the field. A big play could make you smile all day long and the next day as you joke about it with friends. The rattling of the crowd, the feel of the ball, the image of the spikes in the dirt, it’s a glory to live by. Because it is possible to hustle hard enough you can leave your worries behind. Sweat is the cologne of our accomplishments, Why should anyone push themselves so hard? It’s not for the money, it’s not for the girls, it’s not for bragging rights, and it’s not for the fame. We do it because we love it. And we love the feel of victory. There’s nothing better than after of working your butt of for 3 hours than walking off the field held high. The satisfaction knowing all those sprints and hills you do during the weak all paid off. The feeling that you can’t explain when you beat your cross town rivals knowing you just earned bragging rights for the year. The feeling that you were champions is the one feeling that I am missing I we were won win away from feeling that. But I am going to work hard, so next year I will finally feel what it’s like to be a champion. Why I love the game of football because not everyone can play it. You might be able to play two hand touch with your friends, but can you take the beating? That’s the question. Fans’ cheering you on as the fourth quarter is coming to an end in a close game. The greatest game to be played if football, everyone wants to be like us, but fail when they try.

Women of Sparta and Athens Essay Example for Free

Women of Sparta and Athens Essay The role of women in Ancient Greece all depended on the city where one lived. In Sparta, women were more valued and respected by men, so the men were willing to give them more rights and opportunities to make their own decisions. In Athens, men had a more traditional view on women and believed that they shouldn’t belong in society; so therefore, men primarily monitored the women actions. Sparta lies in the Peloponnesus, in the south. The Spartans set up a brutal and strict system of control. Assemblies made up by male citizens approved the major decisions in Sparta. Since the men of Sparta valued how women looked, beautiful and attractive women were granted more opportunities which eventually led to having more rights. Attraction was what Spartan people cared about most. In order to assess the women’s beauty, men would inspect the women while they were completely nude. Women had mirrors all over, so they were constantly looking at themselves and fixing themselves. They obsessed over their looks and appearances. Once a man was pleased with the woman, he would take her and marry her. Men also prized beautiful women and sought them as brides, even breaking some of society’s rules to win them. †. The people with the best looks were the most respected and noticed by people. â€Å"In Sparta beautiful people were highly self-esteemed: the best-looking man and women were most admired†. Women who weren’t beautiful didn’t get chosen by the men to wed, and therefore lived with their father and barely had any rights and freedom at all. The men only marry the beautiful women and once you are married you are given much more freedom and rights to live by. The men of Athens believed that the women had a specific role in society. While the men were off making decisions, they expected the women to be at home taking care of the children, household, and monitoring the slaves. â€Å"Courtesans we keep for pleasure, concubines for daily attendance upon our person, but wives for the procreation of legitimate children and to be our faithful housekeepers, that is all. † (Nardo, 57). The men used poor and lower class women for their own pleasure, and they used their wives to take care of the children and to be their personal housekeepers. The way the men talk about their wives is like they are referring to them as their salves, they don’t give them any respect at all. Beauty wasn’t valued in Athens, it was much more important to be at home and keep it clean while caring for the children and slaves. The women covered their body and were usually by themselves. If they were to ever go out, they had to be accompanied by an escort. The Athenian women weren’t granted many rights because the men just didn’t believe that they should be given rights. They thought it was much more important for the women to be at home watching over the kids, and slaves while keeping the house tidy. So therefore, the Athenian men didn’t prioritize womens rights because they strongly believed that their place was at home. â€Å"The process that we go by today, a young women meeting an eligible young man, falling in love, and deciding to get married-was largely unheard of in Athenian society†. The way the Athenian marriage process took place was the bride got married off to the husband by her father. The bride was legally incapable of arranging her own marriage. The purpose of marriage was not for love, rather babies, money, land or what ever the husband and the father of the bride agree on. It wasn’t unusual for marriage to take place with man and women not knowing much about each other. The women would mostly get married off for the first time between ages 14 and 18. It didn’t matter if the brides were responsible or not, the men would make all the important decisions about the household. â€Å"For a women must love her husband even when she has been married to an insignificant man and not provoke a contest of pride† (Lefkowit, 2005). Even if a woman is unhappy in her marriage arrangement there is nothing she can do to change it, she cannot leave, or rebel. In Athens, marriage wasn’t highly valued; the marriages were based solely on the bride’s father and husband’s decisions and deals. The Athenian women did not have any say or opinion on who or when they marry. The husband and father made deals and controlled their marriages completely, while the women were pushed aside with no voice. In Sparta, the man chose a woman who was cross in age who he wished to marry. The marriage remains a secret, and they live apart, until the bride gets pregnant and they can move in together. The brides had to be a responsible and capable bride, because they managed most of the household and children. The women in Sparta â€Å"largely took precedence over men in that sphere†. The Spartan men had to choose their bride wisely, and had to make sure that they were fit to the job of running the household, and making important decisions. In Athens, the men considered themselves the leaders, and they felt that the only role of a women was to stay at home and watch over it, have babies, and keep the population growing and healthy. The men were the leaders, the women lived in fear of the men. They were not allowed to own land under any circumstances. They were not allowed to appear in court. They were not allowed to arrange their own marriage, and they were not allowed to go out of the house by themselves, only accompanied by their father or husband. The men created strict laws that separated them from the women, and told the women exactly what to do, and how to act. The women were considered only citizens and nothing else; they played roles in religious festivals, but they had absolutely no real decisions in law or society. In Athens, the men were the leaders, and believed that the women were only good for the little side things, like watching over the household, getting pregnant, and keeping the population growing, they did not believe that they were capable for anything else important which is why they were given no real rights. The men of Athens were considered â€Å"like god† and had insane muscle and strength; the women were looked at â€Å"imperfect beings† and got pushed aside by the men with no roles to protect them. In Sparta, the women had active roles in the community and specific institutions. In Sparta, unlike in Athens, it was very important to be fit and strong; they cared a lot about military training, war and fighting. The women engaged in many physical training similar to the train that the men went through, but not as intense. If they were ever needed, the women were capable of stepping in and fighting. The women of Sparta were very outspoken and were not as afraid to stand up to the men, because they were not treated as differently. Women were allowed to own land, even if she had brothers, a women can share the inheritance of her father, if she had no brothers, she can inherit all the land. The women were fit, smart, and confident about themselves, therefore more capable of taking on role in society. The Athenian men passed a law that strictly controlled women’s social and sexual behavior and limited what the are able to own, and inherit. They had limits on the number of women who could participate in funerals, the women were not allowed to pay tribute to the family of passing (shiva call), and when this was allowed on special circumstances, there was a limit of no more than 5 woman; they made a rule that the women were not allowed to leave the tomb before the men at a funeral. imited the amount of women allowed in church, and religious festivals. The purpose of the men strictly restricting the womans rights and limiting exactly what they are and are not allowed to do, was to force them to be at home, producing more child to keep the population flowing, and to watch over the land within the family.

System Analysis and Design

System Analysis and Design A life cycle model is a term which describes the process of the planning through to the deployment of a new software on a system, covering items such as specification analysis and implementation/testing, to enable the developers to create the software, and to ensure that the end user gets what they want. Waterfall Model The waterfall model is a common method used when designing and implementing new software. It was designed to be a simple yet effective method to enable developers and users design a software together. In the Waterfall model, each phase must be completed before you can move onto the next stage, which primarily makes it for small projects where there are absolute requirements. At the end of each phase, there is a review which helps the developers know that they are on track, whether to continue with the project and what steps to take. Also, the testing element of this model can only take place after the development is complete. See the below diagram which shows each step of the waterfall process: Â   Â   The processes are: Requirement Gathering and Analysis System Design Implementation Testing Deployment Maintenance Image Source (ISTQB, 2016) The first step of this method involves getting to know what the client wants out of the system, and analyze them to see if it is realistic and achievable, to plan out how the software can be created. The second step involves designing the system to meet the needs of the client. The third is implementing the software in a test environment for the fourth step which is testing the software. The fifth step is deploying the system to the client. After all of this has been completed, the software or system must be maintained. Advantages One of the main advantages of the Waterfall model is that it is very easy to understand and follow due to the design of it. It has a very rigid design with each stage having its own deliverables and review process. In this model, there are no overlaps in the stages meaning that everything is very clear and defined making it quite effective when used in the correct way. Because the Waterfall model has a very clear and defined structure it is very good for a project that has clear goals on what needs to be achieved and due to its structure, it is a great tool to use even if you are inexperienced. Disadvantages This model can only be used when the requirements of the project are clear, as each stage requires its own review stage and cannot move any further if goals are not set. There can be no ambiguous requirements in a project using this method. There are high amounts of risk and uncertainty due to a very rigid structure, no goals can be changed or reviewed after the originals have been set. It cannot be used on projects which are ongoing because there is no way to change anything once one stage has been completed. This also means that there is little opportunity for the customer to review the product. (ISTQB, 2016) Structured Evolutionary Prototyping Model The Evolutionary Prototyping Model was designed as a software development model which incorporates the end user at almost every stage during the process. This is used so that consumers can have their say on the product during the developmental stage of the software to know that the developers have created a product which meets their needs. There are four main stages to this model to follow, they are as follows: The identification process, which is used to get the basic requirements this software must achieve. It is designed in this way as many consumers may not know the absolute requirements of the software as it is generally a continuous project. The prototype phase in which the developers will make a prototype or multiple prototypes of the product in order to get the basic requirements met. Verification of the prototype process in which the developers can use surveys and experimentation for the consumer. This stage is used so people can add their thoughts about the product and find out if there is anything that could be added or changed to make it better. The final stage is changing the prototype per the feedback that the consumer gave to the developers to meet the needs of the client. This cycle will then repeat until the customer is completely happy with their product and the development process is complete. Advantages One of the main advantages to this methodology is that the user ends up with a more accurate product due to their consistent input into the design process. Developers can learn from the consumer and vice versa. This also brings another benefit into play, meaning that any unexpected requirements or additions to the software can be added at developmental stage, resulting in a more accurate product too. It is a very flexible method. Another benefit is that you can see a constant progression throughout the development of the software, and customers can begin to see the benefits of using this software and being able to have constant input. Disadvantages The main disadvantage of this method is that the process may go on for a very long time due to the repeatable feedback process. Many developers using this method may fully scrap the process and go for a code-and-fix development process, leading to a poor reputation, with this method being seen as quick and dirty. Because of the constant input from the customer, the focus can be taken away from how maintainable the software is, mainly looking at the needs of the consumer. (Exforys, 2015) Rapid Application Model (RAD) The RAD model is used as an incremental development model, in which the all of the components of the software are developed in parallel and seen as mini-projects. These components will be scheduled, and delivered where it is compiled into a full software. This software can then be handed over to the consumer for feedback relating to the requirements. See the below diagram for a visual explanation of these timeboxed components: Of course, the number of components will vary for each software, however this gives a representation of the processes involved. There will be a specific set of teams which will all be responsible for a specific area of the software. After this process is complete the components will be amalgamated into one complete prototype. Image Source (Find Nerd, 2015) There are four main steps involved in this model, and they are as follows: Requirement Planning which is like the analysis stage within the waterfall model, however this plan incorporates a constant review of each element to ensure that the project will meet the users needs throughout the prototype stage. The design phase takes place after the initial needs have been determined, where the developers teams will generate an initial prototype for review by the user. This prototype will then be refined as the process continues. The construction phase where the developers will take the preferred prototypes of each section of the software and create a full functional program. The final stage takes place after the in-house testing and construction has finished and the client will be using and implementing the software as normal. The developers will be available for a set amount of time for corrective maintenance and to incorporate feedback. Advantages The main advantage is the reduced development time due to the development being split into different teams and section which means the process is extremely efficient. Because the components are managed by their own team, and there is generally more than one version of each section, elements can be transferred, increasing the reusability. This method encourages customer feedback on each section which means that there are clear and defined goals as the project moves along and quick reviews often happen. Disadvantages This system is heavily reliant on a strong and experienced team to identify new and existing requirements, meaning some projects may be delayed. This method only works on modelized systems and heavily relies on modeling skills. (ISTQB, 2015) (BBC, 2016) One of the main advantages of using lifecycle models is that you can firstly get a strong idea on what the consumer wants, and you to create a plan of attack on how you can achieve these. It enables you to plan and possibly create prototypes to create an efficient program for the consumer to. This ensures that the customer will be happy with the product that you have made, due to their consistent input within the development stage. In general, using a lifecycle model when developing a software can reduce the development time of the software. This is because you have a rigid schedule which you can stick to, as well as clear goals and objectives through liaising with the customer which increases the efficiency at developmental stage. Many of these plans are made to be easy to read and to follow, meaning you know exactly what is happening at each stage of the process, further increasing the efficiency. Many plans allow you to review the product with the customer throughout the developmental stage meaning that you can remove areas of the software which do not meet the standard that the customer is after. You are also able to edit certain features to add functionality, or even design new elements that will help the consumer with their end goal. Some plans allow you to really structure the development process of the software which can help you decide who will be undertaking what task, i.e. assessing strengths and putting teams together to reach your final goal. This also improves efficiency, as you could divide up the development into teams to reach the end goal much faster, and still create a great product. Lots of new life cycles allow you to visibly see the progress of the software, meaning the team stays motivated to complete the job due to clear and structures goals which work you through to the deployment and maintenance stages of the development. It also means that the consumer will see a steady stream of progress which will also keep them happy. Feasibility reports are made to examine a proposal, which allows a business or team to determine whether a project will be successful. For example, in an IT environment, you could discuss the lease of laptops using a plan rather than purchasing laptops outright. The below paragraphs discuss the components of a feasibility report and why each of them is included. Scope The first main stage of a feasibility report is the to identify the scope of the project. This means you will need to identify the issue that you will be addressing within the project. The scope must be clearly defined, as it may confuse the people involved in the project, and having unclear goals can be catastrophic to a project or job. The area that will be affected e.g. the IT department whether that be directly or indirectly. The scope essentially enables you to get an accurate study, because you have clear and defines goals. A Market Analysis Undertaking a market analysis during a feasibility report can be critical. It allows you to examine environments like yours to assess the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches to implement the project. You will then be able to create a SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) which were faced by other users to make your own decisions on how the project will be undertaken. Identifying Requirements As a part of your feasibility report, you should always analyze the requirements. These requirements will be based upon the technical requirements and the requirements of the organization. Identification of technical requirements will enable you to identify which technical resources/personnel you will need to complete said project. Meanwhile you should be considering what organization procedures and requirements that you must follow, whether that be related to recommended vendors for equipment or any security laws or procedures with data protection. This is essential because it allows you to get an idea on how you will approach the project. The Approach After the first three steps, you will then be able to get an idea on how the project will be completed, therefore allowing you to decide on the approach. You must find a happy medium and decide upon a recommended course of action, or a solution that incorporates the organizational requirements. You can discuss various approaches and select a solution that best fits the needs per the scope. It must always be 1) a practical solution and 2) meet the needs of everyone. Evaluation After the approach has been decided, you will then compile a short section which examines the cost effectiveness of that approach, which can help you build an estimate of the total costs. You can cross reference previous approaches for comparison purposes. After you have completed this, you will compile the cost summary, which will provide information on the return on investment and a cost to benefit analysis. The Review The final step of a feasibility study is the review stage. This is where all the elements mentioned above will be analyzed in a formal review with either a team or business partners depending on the size of the project. It is used to firstly confirm that it is an accurate report and then decide on whether you go ahead with the project or not. At this stage, you may be asked to change some details, to engage the project or it may be full rejected. All parties involved in the review should all sign a document to agree to the project. (MWANZONI, 2016) In this section I will be discussing the impact of the criteria of feasibility reports (see above) and assess what impact they have on a systems investigation. Identifying the Scope Impacts The main impact that identifying the scope will have, is ensuring that the team undertaking the project as well as the business know exactly what the issue is that they are trying to resolve. It will allow for a guided discussion on the possible steps that you can take to complete this project, and analyze each one collated into the feasibility study. It will clearly define to everyone the goal they will be working towards on the project to keep everyone on the same page, and keeps everyone working towards a similar goal. It can also help the business and the team understand what areas could benefit from the new system and assess them against the current system for a full review. Undertaking a Market Analysis Impacts Taking the time to understand and review different methods and approaches that other people in your position have taken can be an extremely important step in the process. It will allow you to analyze these methods side by side so you can get an idea on what approach could be best for you. You may also wish to amalgamate different approaches into one sophisticated one, which may help you to efficiently reach your goal. You are then able to have a discussion regarding these steps and decide as a team which would be best for the current situation based on skills and experience as well as requirements. Understanding Requirements Impacts Understanding the requirements of both the team and the organization is arguably one of the most critical steps in the feasibility study. It will essentially allow you to get an idea of what will be possible and what wont. Basing it off the teams requirements will allow you to get an idea of who is capable to undertake which role, to see whether a certain approach will be possible or whether you must go back to the drawing board, or even scrap the idea totally. Understanding the organization requirements can help you to plan around any eventuality such as procedures regarding safety and even laws such as the data protection act. It can also influence you with the decision of the approach method. Selecting Your Approach Impacts Deciding the approach of the project is the major step in moving onto the processes of the actual project. It allows you to weigh up all the different approaches comparing how you will meet the scope, the market needs and the needs of the business and personnel. It will allow you to have a guided discussion on each approach compared to the needs and which one will suit everyone the best whilst discussing all the previous points. It finally completes the research and discussion to prepare you for the assignment. Evaluation Impacts After you have selected the approach that you will be following, you will then have to analyze how much the project will cost. It helps you to ensure that you are still in budget, and are meeting the needs of the business in that respect. It will allow you to contrast different approaches and their effectiveness compared to each of their costs to ensure you choose the most efficient method. It will also enable you to put together a final figure of costings to present to the business. Review Impacts Reviewing all your decisions regarding the project whilst presenting them to the business, will allow you to firstly ensure that all needs of the business have been met to ensure that everyone is happy with the solution to the original email. It will also allow you to get the go ahead from the business as to whether you can go ahead with the project, or whether you will need to make any changes to the original approach to ensure the solution is the most efficient possible. References BBC, 2016. BBC Bitesize. [Online] Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/guides/zp3kd2p/revision/9[Accessed 09 January 2017]. Exforys, 2015. Exforys. [Online] Available at: http://www.exforsys.com/career-center/project-management-life-cycle/the-evolutionary-prototyping-model.html[Accessed 09 January 2017]. Find Nerd, 2015. Find Nerd. [Online] Available at: http://findnerd.s3.amazonaws.com/imagedata/4325/4325.jpg[Accessed 09 January 2017]. ISTQB, 2015. ISTQB. [Online] Available at: http://istqbexamcertification.com/what-is-rad-model-advantages-disadvantages-and-when-to-use-it/[Accessed 09 January 2017]. ISTQB, 2016. ISTQB. [Online] Available at: http://istqbexamcertification.com/what-is-waterfall-model-advantages-disadvantages-and-when-to-use-it/[Accessed 09 January 2017]. ISTQB, 2016. ISTQB. [Online] Available at: http://istqbexamcertification.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Waterfall-model.jpg[Accessed 09 January 2017]. MWANZONI, 2016. LinkedIn. [Online] Available at: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/key-components-good-feasibility-study-mwanzoni-ltd[Accessed 10 January 2017].

Salvidor Dali :: essays research papers

Salvador Dali was born in Figueres Spain in 1904 to Don Salvador Dali y Cuse and Felipa. In 1907, his sister Ana Maria was born; she was his only sibling. At an early age Dali began his strange behavior, he was prone to tantrums, self-induced coughing fits and wet the bed until age eight, as he knew this upset his father. After a year at public school, Dali was still unable to read and write he was then sent to a Christian school, however that did not improve his scholastic abilities (BBC). In 1914, German artist Sigfrid Burman gave Dali his first set of oil paints while the family was vacationing in Cadaques, Spain (daliprint). Five years later, Dali had his first public exhibition in the style of Cubism (duke). In the early 1920’s, his sister was his only female model. At this time he was attending the Madrid Fine Arts school as his father wanted him to gain skill to become a teacher. It was here that he met Luis Burnel and Lorca who would eventually replace his sister as chief model (BBC). In 1925, Dali had his first stand alone exhibit at the Galery of Dalmare (Duke). In 1929 and 1930, Dali collaborated with his friend Louis Burnel on motion pictures enabling him to create jarring juxtapositions, these films were Un Chien Andalau (1929) and L’age’d’or (1930). These films were considered the surrealist style and L’age’d’or caused riots in the streets of Paris (BBC). It was around this time that he met and eloped with Gala Eluard, it is rumored that they never consummated their marriage, as Dali could not stand to be touched. Never the less they remained together for fifty-three years (BBC). In the 1930’s Dali expanded upon surrealism calling his work â€Å"critical paranoia†. According to this theory one should cultivate genuine delusion as in critical paranoia while keeping in the back of ones mind that the control of reason and will has been deliberate set aside. He thought this reasoning should not only apply to art but also to ones daily life (Duke). In 1937, he moved to Italy and was expelled from the Surrealist ranks by Brenton, this was because of his support for Franco during the Spanish Civil War. This was a busy year for Dali as he also wrote a screenplay for the Marx Brothers. In 1938, while visiting London Dali met Sigmond Freud and proceeds to make several drawings of him (Encarta).

Pat Barkers Regeneration Essay -- Pat Barker Regeneration Essays

Pat Barker's Regeneration Pat Barker's Regeneration focuses on the troubled soldiers' mental status during World War One. Barker introduces the feelings soldiers had about the war and military's involvement with the war effort. While Regeneration mainly looks at the male perspective, Barker includes a small but important female presence. While Second Lieutenant Billy Prior breaks away from Craiglockhart War Hospital for an evening, he finds women at a cafe in the Edinburgh district (Barker 86). He comes to the understanding that the women are munitions workers. Women's involvement in war work in Regeneration shows the potential growth in women's independence, but at the expense of restrictions placed on men while they were on the front lines of battle. Munition-ettes during World War One took the places of their husbands, fathers, and brothers in order for the men to take up positions in the armed services (Braybon 45). Women working in munitions factories were mainly of the lower class; yet, roughly 9 percent of women working in the factories came from the middle to upper classes (Robb 45). Munition-ettes held responsibilities for making and filling shells and cartridges along with other basic cleaning duties, driving, and intense labor ("Twentieth Century"). They acquired some engineering skills that helped them in producing various weapons ("Twentieth Century"). Munition-ettes took the deployed soldiers' places in the factories as a way to show their patriotism as well as to earn a better living than in domestic jobs. Munition-ettes suffered the flaws in the system of gender bias when looking at equal pay: "many [women] left low-skill, low-wage jobs, especially in domestic service, for better paying skilled labor in ... ...atriots or strictly worked to increase their economic status, all these women were a testimonial to the home front effort as well as the effort to further their independence. Works Cited Barker, Pat. Regeneration. New York: Plume, 1993. Braybon, Gail. Women Workers in the First World War. Totowa, New Jersey: Barnes & Noble Books, 1981. Robb, George. British Culture and the First World War. New York: Palgrave, 2002. â€Å"Twentieth Century: Military The First World War 1914-18.† Dartford Town Archive. 13 April 2003 <http://www.dartfordarchive.org.uk/20th_century/military_ww1.shtml>. Home | By Category | By Page Number | Assignment Last update: 30 April 2003 Site Editor: Karin E. Westman, Assistant Professor of English, Kansas State University Contact Site Editor Karin Westman's Homepage | Department of English | Kansas State University

Euro Disney the Failure Essay -- International Marketing Europe Theme

Walt Disney is the world leader in family entertainment and one of the most valuable brands in the world. Recently, Walt Disney has decided to open up a Disney Theme Park in Hong Kong China, which will be the first theme park in China. Since the opening of Euro Disney, the Walt Disney Company has learned to take into consideration important determinants so that their investment will not be a huge financial loss. Unfortunately, Since Disney did not research as much as they should of when deciding to open Euro Disney, this lead to one of the biggest failures for the Disney Company and is today used as an example of international marketing failures. Disney had high expectations about opening up a Disney Theme Park in France. They projected 500,000 visitors to be in the park on opening day and the result was only 20,000 visitors. According to the textbook, international corporations should research and analyze their profitability level and the market size. Many international companies need to expense their research and development because it will only lead to big financial losses. Walt Disney Company should of used a transnational approach to achieve a consistent and controlled marketing strategy. Transnational approach has three types of variables such as demographic, psychographic and behavioral. A big problem that Disney overlooked was the lack of marketing to the French people, there were more visitors from outside of France then there was in France. After realizing their turnover they starting promoting special package prices for French residents. Several fundamental points that affected the failure of Euro Disney's first 2 years were location, staffing, dining, prices and the opening of to many hotel rooms at ... ... for American companies to realize that "their way" isn't always going to work, especially in a different country with such a different culture. Their Hong Kong project seems like they are taking precaution to prevent any huge financial losses. In spite of their mistakes, Disney is still one of the most important brands in the world and is widely recognized as a successful corporation. Bibliography "Euro Disney: An American in Paris" http://www.business.bham.ac.uk/business/images/cme_resources/Users/Szmigin/euro%20isney.doc Businessweek.com. " Building a Mouse House in Hong Kong". April 11, 2002 http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/apr2002/nf20020411_4498.htm Doole, Isobel and Lowe, Robin. "International Marketing Strategy". Third Edition, Copyright, 2001. Recklies, Dagmar. " Managing Resources-Accounting Assignment". Themanager.org

Person centred approaches in adult social care settings Essay

Assignment composition Assignment overview In this assignment you will demonstrate your knowledge of person-centred care. You will explore what is meant by the term ‘consent’, define person-centred values, and consider how active participation can be used to best effect. You will consider how risk assessments can support informed choices and examine the factors that contribute to the well being of individuals using the service. see more:why person centred values are important and how they influence social care work Tasks There are three tasks to this assignment. A Information leaflet B Short answer questions C Case studies Task B Short answer questions Bi- Describe two ways of finding out about the history, preferences, wishes and needs of an individual using the service. If the resident is unable to talk about themselves and what they want then a good way of finding out is to talk to family and friends. They will have important information about the resident that may help you communicate with that person. If the service user can speak for themselves then the staff can sit down and talk to find out more about their needs, preferences and their history. Bii- Describe two ways of making sure that the history, preferences, wishes and needs of an individual using the service are recognised in support or care plans. The service user could write down their wishes and needs, if they are able to read and write. With the help of the staff the service user could add extras like favourite music, colour, type of outfit, favourite food, activity and so on. Biii- Explain how a care plan helps social care workers to work in a person centred way. Whoever carry’s out the service users care plan should have complete understanding of the plan themselves. The care plan is the most important thing to have knowledge about as this is the most valuable piece of information with the service users needs, wishes and preferences. Biv- Define what is meant by the term â€Å"active participation†. 1. Promoting there independence 2. Enjoy day to day life without any struggle 3. To help the service user with whatever they ask as you are the only help they may have. Bv- Give two examples of active participation, explaining how the individual using the service may benefit from being fully involved. Getting them to plan a day out themselves, this will help a service feel more independent and happy. To help them promote there independence this will help the service user get to know what is happening where they live and get more social. Bvi- Using the table below, describe three examples of barriers to active participation and how each can be overcome. Barrier How it can be overcome Lack of understanding Speak loud and clear Hearing aid Interpreter Lack of teamwork Staff to report of concerns Social workers, docs, nurses or/and staff to discuss any issues with the service user Meetings to be made to keep up to date with service user Feeling excluded Service user to help create care plan Conversations with the service user about anything Service user to attend the staff meetings to be more involved Bvii- Describe two ways of encouraging active participation. Collecting leaflets and showing them to the service user to try and get them involved in activities in the community. Take the service user to volunteer in a shop or event. Bviii- Explain how the identity of an individual using the service is linked to their well being. Moving into a care home is a big thing and a service user could be very alone and afraid of what it may be like so staff should always make any service user feel loved and unforgotten to protect them from losing there identity. Bix- Explain how the self esteem of an individual using the service is linked to their well being. Every service user should be treated for respect and confidence, if you do this then that persons self esteem will be very good and this will help the person feel welcome and able to speak to any of the staff about any problems, fears, wishes and preferences. Bx Describe two attitudes or approaches which could promote the well being of an individual using the service. Service users should all be given the right to choose what they want and how they want it. Just like you or I would like a hot cop of tea with 2 sugars, you wouldn’t forget your own sugar so you shouldn’t forget theirs. Staff should be up to date with their training so they can see and learn the service users wishes and preferences. Bx Describe two attitudes or approaches which could promote the well being of an individual using the service. Staff need to understand the service users way of life. Whether that is its religion, choice of food, type of clothing. To understand all this it is vital that the staff read the service users care plan. Bxi Identify two ways of making sure an individual’s physical environment promotes their well being. When it is time for a meal the staff should know how that service user would like there meal. Some could be a vegan or a vegetarian. Some may just not like a kind of meat, veg, or fruit. Involving the service user in making the meal is also a great way in  promoting the service users well being as this will make them feel involved in something and know what they are putting in there mouths. Bxii Identify two ways of working that promote an individual’s social and emotional well being. All staff should understand the users support plan. This is so the staff can understand what the user needs. Example- What kind of communication or if they need assistance with eating. Task C Case study one Marcus Thompson is 18 and has learning disabilities. He is moving from children’s social care to adult social care and has to decide whether he wants to remain at home with his family or move to supported housing. You are his support worker and think he would be better off living away from his family who sometimes try to do too much for him. Ci Identify ways of helping Marcus to make an informed choice. You could propose to Marcus if he would like to visit the support housing to see if it is the kind of thing he would prefer. He could stay a night or just spend the day. You could also bring Marcus to speak to some of the other service users and ask questions about the support housing. Cii Explain why it is important that you do not let your own view influence Marcus’ final decision. It is important because it is not he going into support housing it is someone else. Marcus could maybe love being looked after by his family and want to be around them. But he may want a bit more independence. This is why it is important to make sure Marcus knows that it is completely up to him, its his decision. Case study two Mr Mistry has recently been discharged from hospital after a serious fall. He wants to continue living at home, but there is some pressure on him from his family to move to live with them, or to move to a supported environment.  They believe they have the support of the medical profession in this. Ciii Explain how a thorough risk assessment might help Mr Mistry make up his mind about what he wants. If a thorough risk assessment is carried out and explained deeply to Mr Mistry, then he may then realise that he does need more help than he thinks and may consider help. Some people don’t like to admit they need extra help, which is why it is important the whole situation is explained so the user knows what could happen. Civ Explain why Mr Mistry may choose to take a risk and live alone in his home. Mr Mistry may choose to live at home because he likes his independence and making his own decisions. He has probably lived their his whole life, moving away to get looked after by your family or care staff may be sound scary to some who has done everything themselves. Cv Describe ways of helping Mr Mistry question or challenge decisions made by his family or other professionals with which he does not agree. Staff should set up a meeting for professionals, family and of course Mr Mistry to attend and discuss what he wants. Mr Mistry can still make his own decisions.

Product Life Cycle Essay

What is Marketing ? Marketing is building profitable customer relationships. The aim of marketing is to create value for customers and to capture value in return. The management process through which goods and services move from concept to the customer. Marketing is the way companies interact with consumers to create relationships that are beneficial to both parties. Businesses use marketing to identify their audience before advertising to them. Today, this is most visible through social media interactions and contests. Definition of Marketing : Marketing is a social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging value with others. It includes the coordination of four elements called the 4 P’s of marketing i.e. product , price, place and promotional activities. Product Life Cycle : Product Life cycle is the process through which products pass through several stages of development in its life from introduction to decline. It describes the stages a product goes through from when it was first thought of until it finally is removed from the market. Not all products reach this final stage. Some continue to grow and others rise and fall. Stages of product life cycle include : 1) Development 2) Introduction 3) Growth 4) Maturity 5) Saturation 6) Decline P.T.O. *Stages of Product Life Cycle* Stage 1 – Development This stage is when the product is in development. Right from when the idea is born until the product is released onto the market. This stage is crucial in getting everything right before the launch and can last years, depending on the product. Eg: Bisleri Packaged Drinking Water Stage 2 – Introduction The day has arrived and the product is launched onto the market. The main characteristic of this stage is that figures are small and only grow slightly as the product becomes known and the public decides whether it is actually needed or indeed whether it is any good. Stage 3 – Growth Here is where much of the money is made back on the product. The prior two stages have been expensive with development and marketing but now people begin to buy and the sales forecasts outweigh the costs. Some marketing is required as rivals may try to get in on the action in this stage when they see how big the product has become. Stage 4 – Maturity Stage four is when a product has become popular and is widely accepted by the public despite competition and age. Less marketing is required, if any at all and the company focuses on keeping its users whilst looking for new opportunities to be their next big product. Stage 5 – Saturation A stage in a product’s life cycle in which everyone who might want the product already has it. If a company is in this stage, then it could indicate that the company is not innovative, or that competitors have been able to provide superior product offerings. Stage 6 – Decline As time goes on, a product will eventually become outdated and unneeded by the public. This is particularly true in the IT sector but also with most other products. Newer versions come out or cheaper alternatives are just as good.

Perfect Pizzeria Case Study

Table of Contents Executive Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 Problem Statement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Analyzing Case Data†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 Managerial Employees†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4 Non-Managerial Employees†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6 Key Decision Criteria†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 Alternative Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 Criteria 1†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 Criteria 2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 Criteria 3†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 11 Criteria 4†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 Criteria 5†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 Criteria 6†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 Criteria 7†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 Action and Implementation Plan†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 13 Employee Handbook†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 13 Reward and Bonus Program†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 14 Training Program†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 14 Softball Team†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 15 Quarterly Evaluation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 16 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 17 Chart†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 17 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 18 Executive Summary Perfect Pizzeria is experiencing managerial and employee problems that are negatively affecting the chains second largest franchise located in located in Southern Illinois. The overall issues that we will address in our case study for Perfect Pizzeria are: the lack of formal training, systematic criteria for the selection of managers and employees positions; the high turnover rate; the lack of incentive/rewards for employees aside from management; low profit rate due to high percentage of damage or unsold goods, lack of employee loyalty and motivation, no room for advancement beyond management unless employees invest in the franchise. And lastly, the lack of organizational structure with respect to not having an official handbook outlining the company’s policy and procedures, goals and objectives of the company. Additionally, we will address the Rational Choice Decision-Making Process, the Exit-Voice-Loyalty-Neglect (EVLN) model as well as the Expectancy Theory which is based on â€Å"the idea that work effort is directed towards behaviors that people believe will lead to desired outcomes†. Mcshane & Von Glinow, 2011) It is our goal to provide you with our case study that will give you a detailed analysis of Perfect Pizzeria and our recommendations on how to successfully get them back on track in terms of gaining higher franchise profits, attracting and retaining qualified workers, establishing a respectable managerial and employee relationship, allowing for an inclusive receipt of bonuses and rewards for outstanding job performances by any employee, not just management. Problem Statement Perfect Pizzeria currently does not have a systematic selection criterion for hiring managers. Managers demonstrate low expectancy to performance and do not properly execute their role as a manager. Hence, managers lack the leadership and problem resolution techniques to properly communicate with their employees. Consequently, the lack of communication between managers and employees has lead to low morale and ennui within their organizational structure. The objective of this case analysis is to address the multiple symptoms within Perfect Pizzeria which are 1) improve managerial skills, 2) improve employee morale, 3) improve profitability, 4) increase communication between employees and management, 5) improve work quality 6) monitor employee progress and 7) provide feedback to the employee. Perfect Pizzeria is experiencing managerial and employee problems that are negatively affecting team morale, loyalty, and causing a more consistent rise in the percentage of food and beverages unsold or damaged leading to low profits for the franchise. In view of that, the work environment appears to show that the employee’s lack job satisfaction and motivation. Analyzing Case Data Management Employees The case study of Perfect Pizzeria outlines several management criteria that were not in the best interest of the organization. The lack of hiring procedures and guidelines plays an instrumental role in their management system. Perfect pizzeria is staffed primarily from college and high school students; however, when hiring for management positions there is no systematic criteria in which to select the best-qualified person for the job. Those currently occupying leadership positions do so without the proper leadership training or experience to handle the open communication required to build team cohesion in a food franchise environment. While managers in general implement policy and procedures in most franchise environments, Perfect Pizzeria lacks the control mechanisms to monitor employee behavior. Thus, not providing the appropriate negative consequences for any employee that may exercise opportunistic behavior while not under direct supervision. The lack of guidance for management positions has integrated personnel within the organization lacking the skill sets necessary to control the behavior of their shift employees. The behavior demonstrated by unqualified mangers hired at Perfect Pizzeria contradict Kaafi and Noori’s (2011) conclusion that â€Å"a manager’s primary outcomes are job performance, organizational commitment and quality of work life†. To further illustrate the lack of policy and guidelines managers are not afforded the opportunity of initial or continued training in which they can maintain their skills. To illustrate, Perfect Pizzeria recruits within its ranks for assistant and night shift mangers based on the capability of performing the duties of regular employees. Employees promoted to assistant and night managers maintain the same pay scale as non-managerial employees. In contrast the manager is the only employee that is provided with a bonus incentive if the percentage rate of unused/damaged food is low at the end of the month inventory check. A necessary way for managers to smoothly start establishing any new changes to the way they conduct business is for them to be aware of the different workplace emotions around them, internally and externally. Acknowledge what’s going on with their employees, as well as the emotions of the customers, so that everyone’s needs or concerns are addressed. Not acknowledging them has lead to counterproductive workplace behavior by employees and a loss of loyal customers. Emotions in the workplace have a large impact on the company’s immediate and long-term goals, whether it is positive or negative because it determines just how productive an employee will be. Non-Managerial Employees The working conditions the employees at Perfect Pizzeria display are contrary to company goals and objectives. Manager-employee relationships within Perfect Pizzeria have declined; employees no longer share the ethical values to help them choose to do what’s right when making a decision that can negatively impact the franchise. Employees take advantage of food compensation provided by management while on shift without fear of reprimand from managers. Such acts as eating the food at the pizzeria without paying or simply being careless and damaging food or beverages, directly contributes to the increase of unused/food waste numbers. Perfect Pizzeria employees demonstrate ennui, which directly affects their outward behavior. While the negative disposition may not be directly shared with all employees on shift it is reasonable to say that it is a dilemma that can be contagious to other employees. Research provided by Manzoor (2012) states that employers ultimately need employees that work well with others. While a team member performs a specific job that is equally important to the overall success of the team. The current employees at Perfect Pizzeria lack the proper monetary motivation to commit to their duties and organizational goals resulting in high turn over rates. Key Decision Criteria In order to improve the events that have occurred at Perfect Pizzeria, the decisions that are made must: 1) improve managerial skills 2) improve employee morale and decrease turnover rate 3) improve profitability 4) increase communication between employees and management 5) improve work quality 6) monitor employee progress 7) provide feedback in order to help the employee’s to grow and develop skills useful to the organization. Alternative Analysis Effort| Performance Options| Outcome| 1. Improve managerial skills| * Mangers training program * Hire qualified management * Direct by explaining the process| Enhanced Leadership| Effort| Performance Options| Outcome| 2. Improve employee morale & decrease turnover| * Use a hiring agency or change the hiring process * Reward bonuses & incentive program * Allow the opportunity to become leaders| Self-motivated employees| Effort| Performance Options| Outcome| 3. Improve profitability| * Train employee’s about environment & food safety * Employee training programs * Limit free food according to the numbers of hours worked| Decrease damaged/unsold food percentage rate| Effort| Performance Options| Outcome| 4. Increase communication between employees & management| * Meetings on a regular basis * Interacting with employees inside & outside of work * Allow positive & negative feedback| Build positive relationships| Effort| Performance Options| Outcome| 5. Improve work quality | * Reward for accountability * Assure employees with positive communication * Management needs to help when needed| Increase production| Effort| Performance Options| Outcome| 6. Monitor employee progress| * Measure job performance * Implement cross-training for skill variety * Leadership opportunities| Job enrichment| Effort| Performance Options| Outcome| 7. Provide feedback to the employee| * Listen to employee comments * Quarterly assessments * Being honest about performances| Job satisfaction| Recommendations Criteria 1: Improve Managerial Skills Alternative: Hire Qualified Management Based on a professional association of practicing managers, American Management Association, managers need certain skills to perform the duties and activities associated with being a manager (Jones 2009). When hiring potential managers, Perfect Pizza should not only look at the human skills of the individual but also ensure that potential managerial candidates also have communication skills, effectiveness skills, interpersonal skills, and conceptual skills. Communication skills is the ability to transform ideas into words and actions. It is the set of skills that enables a person to convey information so that is it received and understood. Effectiveness skills is contributing to the company’s mission/departmental objectives, customers focus, and multitasking (Jones 2009). Interpersonal skills is coaching and mentoring, diversity. Being able to work with diverse people and culture, networking within the organization, networking outside the organization, and working in teams. Conceptual skills is the ability to use information to solve the company’s problems, recognizing problem areas and implementing solutions, and understanding the company’s business model. Criteria 2: Improve employee morale & decrease turnover Alternative: Reward, bonuses & incentive program According to the research of John Gray, if an employee incentive program is run correctly, it can increase the employee morale and productivity and performance (Gray 2006). When employees in the organization are happy, it can lead to positive outcomes. Criteria 3: Improve profitability Alternative: Employee Training Programs A common mistake made by many organizations is the failure to adequately invest in the continued training of their employees after they are hired. Based on research from the Management Association of Illinois, one of the biggest factors in maintaining employee satisfaction levels and the company’s profitability is the amount of training companies provide (Silverman 2009). The training and development of employees through training programs is an essential part of their satisfaction and longevity and should be made a priority of the organization. Training programs not only help to bolster employee satisfactions and the company’s profitability, but also produce tangent benefits for the company. Criteria 4: Increase communication between employees & management Alternative: Interacting with employees inside & outside of work Many companies do not realize that interacting with employees inside and outside of work will increase communication with employees and management. According to research from the American Management Association, participating in activities, creating a sport team, community service, and volunteer services outside of work will help employees and managers unwind and get to know each other better (Jones 2005). Criteria 5: Improve work quality Alternative: Assure employees with positive communication More emphasis should be placed on employee standards and job matching responsibilities. Perfect Pizzeria employees are interdependent of one another in order to produce their product. Hence, in order to promote job consistency employees need to be educated on what their duties and expectations. An employee cannot work up to the expected standard if they are not aware of what is required of them. The following pointers will help attain this goal. * All staff regardless of their roll must have a clear understanding of what the business actually does and know  the names of all the products and its main competitors * Ensure they have  a good enough understanding of who does what to be able to find someone to help a customer when the need arises. The management must take time to explain the organization’s aims and objectives to the employees. * Set measures for the business that they can all contribute to * Provide a clear and simple report to show them how the business is doing Criteria 6: Monitor employee progress: Alternative: Leadership opportunities Perfect Pizzeria should implement a deliberate internal program that encourages a sense of ownership with their employees. Keeping the staff informed, prepared and up to date with all company operations is key. The following pointers will help attain this goal. * Staff must have a clear understanding of product * Explain the organization’s aims and objectives to the employees * Set measures for the business that they can all contribute to * Provide business progress report These steps are in line with the expectancy theory which is a motivation theory based on the idea that work effort is directed toward behaviors that people believe will lead to desired outcomes. Criteria: Provide feedback to the employee Alternative 7: Quarterly Assessments Feedback to employees about their performance through quarterly assessments helps improve their performance, motivates self-improvement, and builds trust (Lun 1999). Action and Implementation Plan Employee Handbook Based on the recommendations listed above, Perfect Pizzeria needs to overhaul the way that it is currently doing things to be competitive in their market. The most important thing that needs to happen is Perfect Pizzeria needs to come up with official documentation that sets the standard for the company policy and procedures. This can be achieved by developing a new employee handbook that will be given to all employees. It will also be given to all the newly hired employees as part of their orientation process. According to Felsberg (2004), an employee handbook will be carefully drafted and periodically reviewed by the Human Resources department. The handbook will be reviewed and updated at least every two years. If policies or laws change, updates can occur more frequently. The employees will be required to date and sign the handbook acknowledging that they have reviewed it. This ensures that the employee understands the company’s policies and practices. The section of Perfect Pizzeria’s handbook that would need the most change is the employment policies. The responsibilities of the employees need to be clearly laid out so the supervisors and the rest of the team know where they fit in the organization. The supervisor’s responsibilities are not only to represent the company’s management to its employees, but to represent the company’s employees to its management. The team’s responsibility also needs to be revamped because every phase in producing the company’s product is important. Reward and Bonus Program According to Hsieh (2011), employees who perceive a greater fit with their employer are less likely to leave the firm, are more committed to it, and have higher work satisfaction. Reward practices logically serve as motivators, shaping employee behaviors. Rewarding employees for ideas that minimize or eliminate costs is more important in an overall cost leadership strategy. A rewards system is an important part of an organization’s human resource strategy. The old bonus system of rewarding the manager does not work in today’s business environment. With the old system, if the percentage of food unsold or damaged in any way is very low, the manager gets a bonus. Modern organizations must make their rewards system to help achieve higher performance at not only the managerial level but at the team level. The perfect system helps the company give the right amount of reward, to the right people, at the right time, for the right reasons. The new system will continue to reward the managers for the low percentage but an employee reward and bonus system will also be created. An Employee of the Quarter program will be created and based on performance perceived by the managers and fellow employees and quarterly evaluations. The Employee of the Quarter will be recognized in a company newsletter, a plaque, and also a cash bonus. This will make sure that the manager are not the only ones being rewarded and will motivate the team to not only work harder, but smarter. Training Program New employees will go through a formal training program where all employees should be able to complete a number of tasks to make sure that they can do their job proficiently. Psychologist David McClelland recognized that a person’s needs can be strengthened through reinforcement, learning, and social conditions. McClelland examined three â€Å"learned† needs: achievement, power, and affiliation. McClelland’s research supported his theory that needs can be learned, so he developed a training program for this purpose. Perfect Pizzeria will incorporate his achievement management program for employees. Trainees will write achievement-oriented stories and practice achievement-oriented behaviors in business games. This training period will also include new managers. Managers will learn about McClellan’s â€Å"need for power. † This need is where people want to control their environment, including people and material resources, to benefit themselves and others. It will be mandatory for managers to attend a program, which will include management classes. The management classes will provide management expectations, operational procedures, and the basic concepts to be successful. Serving the customers is the cornerstone of Perfect Pizzeria. In the training program, managers will learn how to communicate with all types of customers, vendors and co-workers. Out of everything they learn, customer service is the one skill they will use every minute of every hour of every day they are at Perfect Pizzeria. The training program will cover proper management techniques to problem solving. Once they have completed the program, they will be able to handle any situation. Softball Team To increase communication with the employees and management, Perfect Pizzeria will form a team and join the local company softball league. With all the reasons for starting a softball team, such as physical fitness, stress relief, and fun, the most important reason is strengthening relationships. Playing softball together helps co-workers form and strengthen friendships, and instills a sense of camaraderie among company players. Co-workers who don't communicate outside of the workplace will get a chance to interact and get to know each other, and close associates can enjoy seeing different sides to the people they work with every day. A softball team will also support employees’ â€Å"need for affiliation. † This need is where people seek approval from others, conform to their wishes and expectations, and avoid conflict and confrontation. Employees with a strong need for affiliation project a favorable image of themselves. They actively support others and try to smooth out workplace conflicts. They also work well in coordinating roles to mediate conflicts and cultivate long-term relationships. Quarterly Evaluations Throughout the year, the employees’ performance will be tracked. According to DelPo (2007), a log for each employee will be kept on a computer. Memorable incidents involving that employee, whether good or bad, will be noted. If an employee is going above and beyond what is expected or they really mess something up, immediate feedback will be given orally or in writing. The manager will let the employee know that they noticed and appreciate the extra effort or that they are concerned about the employee's performance. If a manager gives oral feedback, they will make a written note of the conversation for the employee's personnel file. Every three months, a manager will formally evaluate each employee by writing a performance appraisal and holding a meeting with the employee. The appraisal will include each standard or goal that is set for that employee, the manager’s conclusion as to whether the employee met the standard or goal, and the reasons that support their conclusion. At the meeting, the manager will let the employee know what they did well and which areas could use some improvement. The manager will explain his or her conclusions about each standard and goal. They will also listen carefully to the employee and ask the employee to write them down on the evaluation form. Conclusion Overall, Perfect Pizzeria can overcome their managerial and employee problems as well as prevent a high percentage of profit loss by carefully implementing new organizational changes. 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